Unpack the assignment brief and rubric
Read the brief carefully, then highlight the instruction words ("analyse", "compare", "evaluate", "discuss"). They tell you what to do: describing is not the same as evaluating. Note the word count, due date, referencing style and required sources.
The marking rubric shows how marks are divided, so use it to decide where to spend effort. If anything is unclear, ask your lecturer early.
Plan and outline
Break the question into parts and list the points you need to cover. Collect your main sources, then draft an outline with headings or paragraph topics and a rough word count for each.
Plan a clear argument: what is your main answer to the question? Each section should support that answer. Set mini-deadlines for research, drafting and editing.
Introduction, body and conclusion
Introduction: introduce the topic, give brief context, state your argument or the structure of the answer.
Body: each paragraph covers one point: a topic sentence, evidence, explanation of how the evidence supports your point and a link to the question.
Conclusion: summarise the main points, restate your answer and, where suitable, note implications. Do not add new evidence in the conclusion.
Using evidence and referencing
Support your points with credible sources: textbooks, peer-reviewed journals and reputable reports. Paraphrase in your own words and cite every idea you take from a source. Use direct quotations sparingly and only when the exact wording matters.
Follow the required referencing style consistently, such as APA 7th, and make sure every in-text citation is in the reference list. Keep a record of sources while researching, so you do not have to hunt for them later.
Editing and proofreading
Leave time between writing and editing so you can see the draft fresh. First edit for content: Does each part answer the question? Then for structure, clarity and style. Finally proofread for spelling, grammar and formatting.
Read aloud, check word count and follow your formatting rules. Use spell check but do not rely on it, because it will miss correct words used wrongly.
How to get high marks
Marks usually reward:
- A direct answer to the question asked.
- Critical analysis, not just description.
- Relevant, credible and well-cited evidence.
- A logical structure with clear paragraphs.
- Accurate referencing and formatting.
- Clear, correct writing.
If your lecturer provides feedback on earlier work, use it. Look at the rubric's top band and check your draft against each descriptor.
Checklist
Before submitting, check that:
- You have answered every part of the question.
- The structure follows the brief and rubric.
- Sources are cited and listed correctly.
- The word count is within limits.
- The text is proofread.
- The cover page and file format are correct.
- You have kept a backup copy and checked the deadline.